Dictionnaire pratique et historique de la musique/Plain-chant
Plain-chant, n. m. De planus, plan ; cantus planus = chant plan, musique plane, égale. 1. Dénomination adoptée par un grand nombre d’auteurs pour le chant liturgique pendant la période qui s’étend du xiiie à la fin du xixe s., et remplacée généralement aujourd’hui par celle de chant grégorien. Elle se trouve caractériser ainsi le mode d’interprétation qui a régné pendant la même période et qui était basé sur le principe de l’égalité absolue de durée et d’intensité des notes, constituant un chant uni, plain, une musique plane. (Voy. Chant grégorien.) || * 2. Ce terme désigne aussi le motif, emprunté primitivement à une mélodie liturgique, et servant de base à un contrepoint vocal ou instrumental. Ce plain-chant est habituellement écrit en valeurs longues et uniformes.
![\language "italiano"
porteeA = \relative do' {
\time 2/2 \key fa \major
<< { \voiceOne
fa2 la4 sol | la2 do | re2\rest sol,4 sol | \break
\override Score.Clef.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
\override Score.KeySignature.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
\stemDown sol sol sol2 | sol1 | re'2\rest \stemUp sol, | la4 la do2 | \break
do1 | si2\rest sol4 la | sib la sol2 | \break
fa sol4 sol | la2 fa | fa fa | si1\rest \bar ""
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
r1 | fa2 fa4 sol | fa2 mi | \break
\stemUp mi4 mi mi2 | \stemDown do mi | re re | fa sol | \break
fa1 | mi | re | \break
r2 re4 mi | fa mi re2 | do re4 re | mib mib_\markup { \hspace #5 { \italic "etc." }}
}
>>
}
text = \lyricmode {
Si -- dus ex cla -- ro ve -- ni -- ens O -- lym -- po
Vir -- go quod no -- bis pe -- pe -- rit sa -- cra -- ta,
pe -- pe -- rit sa -- cra -- ta
}
porteeB = \relative do {
<< { \voiceOne
re1\rest | \stemDown <do' fa,>2 <do fa,>4 <do mi,> | <re re,>2 <sol, do,> | \break
<do do,>2. <do do,>4 | <sol do,> <sol do,> <do do,>2 | <si sol>1 | \stemUp do2 do~ | \break
do4 do do2 | do1 | re2\rest sib4 do | \break
re2 \once \shiftOnn sol, | do4 do sib2 | la2 la4 sib | do do s2
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
s1 | \stemUp fa,2 la4 sol | la2 do | \break
fa,2\rest sol4 sol | mi mi sol2 | \stemDown sol, sol' | fa mi | \break
fa1 | <sol do,> | s2 sol,1*1/2\rest | \break
s2 sol1*1/2\rest | r2 re'4 mi | fa mi re2 | <sol do,>1
}
\new Voice { \voiceThree
\repeat unfold 6 { s1 }
s8 la2*3/4\rest sol2 | \break
la4 la la2 | s1 | sol4 la sol4 la | \break
sib la sib2 | fa1 | s2 fa | s1
}
>>
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeA }
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "mel" } { \lyricsto "mel" \text }
>>
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "bass" \key fa \major
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeB }
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves }
indent = 0\cm
\override Score.BarNumber #'stencil = ##f
line-width = #120
}
\midi { }
}
\header { tagline = ##f}](http://upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/b/9bkgpbr4b1s0ts6wmjqycoxr7lnzm5a/9bkgpbr4.png)
![\language "italiano"
porteeA = \relative do' {
\time 2/2 \key fa \major
<< { \voiceOne
fa2*1/2 la4*1/2 sol la2*1/2 do | re r4*1/2 sol, la2*1/2 fa | \break
\override Score.Clef.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
\override Score.KeySignature.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
sol4*1/2 la sib2.*1/2 la8*1/2 sol la2*1/2 | sol sol4*1/2 la sib la sol2*1/2_\markup { \hspace #3 { \italic "etc." }} |
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
sib,1*1/2\rest fa'2*1/2 fa4*1/2 sol | fa re mi2*1/2 fa re | \break
sib4*1/2 do re sol, la2*1/2 fa'~ | fa4*1/2 mi8*1/2 re mi2*1/2 re1*1/2
}
>>
}
text = \lyricmode {
Ky -- ri -- e e -- lei -- son
}
porteeB = \relative do {
<< { \voiceOne
re1*1/2\rest \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #-0.5 do'2*1/2 do4*1/2 do | fa,2*1/2 sol fa fa4*1/2 fa | \break
re4*1/2 \once \shiftOff do sol'2*1/2 \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #0.5 do, do'~ |
do4*1/2 do do2*1/2 sol4*1/2 la sib do |
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
sol,1*1/2\rest fa'2*1/2 <la fa>4*1/2 <sol mi> | <la re,>2*1/2 <do do,> do4*1/2 do sib la | \break
<sol sib,>4*1/2 \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #0 fa2*1/2 s4*1/2 s1*1/2 |
<sol do,>1*1/2 re2*1/2\rest sol4*1/2 la
}
\new Voice { \voiceThree
s1*1/2 \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #-0.1 fa2*1/2 s2*1/2 | s2 \stemDown \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #0.3 fa,2*1/2 \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #0.5 sib | \break
s1*1/2 <fa' fa,>1*1/2 |
}
\new Voice { \voiceFour
s1 | s1 | \break
s4*1/2 \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #0.2 la, sol2*1/2 \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #-2 mi'4*1/2 s s2*1/2 |
s1*1/2 mi,1*1/2\rest
}
>>
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeA }
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "mel" } { \lyricsto "mel" \text }
>>
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "bass" \key fa \major
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeB }
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves }
indent = 0\cm
\override Score.BarNumber #'stencil = ##f
line-width = #120
}
\midi { }
}
\header { tagline = ##f}](http://upload.wikimedia.org/score/1/2/129t003449ex6n73xgt0k7yop5d8uel/129t0034.png)
Dans le style d’orgue, pièce
écrite contrepointiquement sur un
plain-chant (voy. Choral) ;
les anciens maîtres plaçaient
généralement ce plain-chant
à la pédale, mais avec
des jeux d’anches de huit et
de quatre pieds, même avec
des mutations, tandis que
les parties écrites autour de
ce thème étaient jouées
avec les fonds depuis le 16
pieds.
![\language "italiano"
porteeA = \relative do' {
\time 2/2 \key fa \major
<< { \voiceOne
fa2 la4 do | sib2 la | fa sol | la1 | \break
\override Score.Clef.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
\override Score.KeySignature.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
si1\rest | sib2 sib4 sib | la2. sol4 | fa2 la |
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
s2 fa4 mi | re2 do | re mi | fa1 | \break
mi1\rest | R1 | fa2 fa4 mi | re2 do |
}
>>
}
text = \lyricmode {
En- tre vous, fil -- les de quinze ans
Ne ve- nez plus à la fontaine
}
porteeB = \relative do {
<< { \voiceOne
\override MultiMeasureRest #'staff-position = #-0.1 \repeat unfold 3 { R1 } | fa2 la4 do | \break
sib2 la | fa sol | la1 | R1 |
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
\override MultiMeasureRest #'staff-position = #-4 \repeat unfold 3 { R1 } | fa2 fa4 mi | \break
re2 do | re mi | fa1 | R1 |
}
>>
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeA }
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "mel" } { \lyricsto "mel" \text }
>>
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "bass" \key fa \major
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeB }
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves }
indent = 0\cm
\override Score.BarNumber #'stencil = ##f
line-width = #120
}
\midi { }
}
\header { tagline = ##f}](http://upload.wikimedia.org/score/2/k/2kfirza8qrn0csyh3hbry2ul1dr0a84/2kfirza8.png)
![\language "italiano"
porteeA = \relative do' {
\time 2/2 \key fa \major
<< { \voiceOne
fa2 la4 do4 \bar "" sib2 la | fa sol \bar "" la1 | \break
\override Score.Clef.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
\override Score.KeySignature.break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
si1\rest \bar "" sib2 sib4 sib | la2. sol4 \bar "" fa2 la |
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
fa2 fa4 mi \bar "" re2 do | re mi \bar "" fa1 | \break
\once \override NoteHead.stencil = #ly:text-interface::print
\once \override NoteHead.text = \markup \lower #0.5 \musicglyph #"rests.M1"
fa1 \bar "" fa2 mi4 re | fa2 fa4 mi \bar "" re2 do |
}
\new Voice { \voiceThree
\stemDown s1 s1 | sol2\rest \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #1 do1 do2 |
fa,2 do' s1 | \once \override NoteColumn.force-hshift = #1 do1 |
}
>>
}
text = \lyricmode {
Ky -- ri -- e e -- \skip 1 lej -- \skip 1 son
}
porteeB = \relative do {
<< { \voiceOne
\once \override NoteHead.stencil = #ly:text-interface::print
\once \override NoteHead.text = \markup \lower #0.5 \musicglyph #"rests.M1"
mi1 \bar"" s | r1 \bar "" fa2 la4 do | \break
sib2 la \bar "" fa sol | la la sib fa |
}
\new Voice { \voiceTwo
\once \override NoteHead.stencil = #ly:text-interface::print
\once \override NoteHead.text = \markup \lower #0.5 \musicglyph #"rests.M1"
la,1 \bar"" s | sol\rest \bar "" fa'2 fa4 mi | \break
re2 do re mi | fa1 si,\rest |
}
>>
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "treble"
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeA }
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "mel" } { \lyricsto "mel" \text }
>>
\new Staff = "mel" <<
\clef "bass" \key fa \major
\new Voice = "mel" { \porteeB }
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves }
indent = 0\cm
\override Score.BarNumber #'stencil = ##f
line-width = #120
}
\midi { }
}
\header { tagline = ##f}](http://upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/v/9vt8n6dh26afujp6ed4xf0vki0qa66s/9vt8n6dh.png)